URBANA, Ill. – Genes are the building blocks of life, and the genetic code provides the instructions for the complex processes that make organisms function. But how and why did it come to be the way ...

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that provide the critical link between the genetic code and protein biosynthesis. By precisely catalysing the attachment of amino acids to ...

Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, have trapped the ribosome, a protein-building molecular machine essential to all life, in a key transitional state that has long eluded ...