Sample variance, often denoted as ‘s^2,’ is a measure used to determine how spread out a data set is. It helps reveal the degree to which the individual data points differ from the mean value of the ...

Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci associated with complex traits, imprecise modeling of the genetic relatedness within study samples may cause substantial ...

Variance is a key statistical measure that represents the degree of spread or dispersion in a dataset. It quantifies how much individual data points differ from the mean (average) value of the dataset ...

In most books on time series analysis, estimators of the variance and autocovariance for a stationary process are discussed under the assumption that the process mean is known. Here we illustrate that ...

Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Individual prediction uncertainty is a key aspect of clinical prediction model performance; however ...